Editing
There are a variety of transitions:
-Cutting on action (one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action)
-Cut away (cut back to the first shot, when the cutaway avoids a jump cut)
-Cross cutting (between two shots back and fourth e.g. conversations)
-Jump cuts (used for passing time)
-Match cuts (one shot to a similar shot)
-Fade in/ fade out
-Dissolve (passing on time)
-Smash cut (intense dream then waking up)
-Iris (circle focusing)
-Wipe (wipes across the screen)
-Invisible cut (cuts blended in)
-L-cut (audio carries into a new shot)
-J-cut (audio from new scene comes before you see it)
Techniques:
-Continuity
-Continuity editing
-180 degree rule
-Shot reverse shot
-Eye-line match (characters looking at each other)
-Insert shot
-Cutaway
Editing also includes:
-Pace
-Time
-Transitions
-Special effects
-Montage editing
- Editing is part of the the production process. It is the stage in the film-making process in which sound and images are organised to construct an overall narrative. It is also how a film maker put together and considers cuts/cutting and applies transitions, social effects etc. to communicate a narrative to an audience.
- Continuity is to make sure that things are continuous.
In the film Freedom Fighters a lot of editing was used. For example, a cut was used from the main character to everyone else in the room, which emphasised each characters emotions. This is used throughout the whole scene. Transitions were also included which were quick, which impacted on the tense atmosphere in the room. Lots of medium and close up shots were used too; on the seventh second of the clip, the medium shot showed all the characters in the scene, and on the nineteenth second in the video, the close up shot is used to express the characters emotions and make the audience understand and sympathise with them.
Continuity errors can be caused by many things:
-Shots/angles
-Costumes/crops
-Lighting
-Missing characters
On (1:27) the character looses his top, this is a continuity error due to the scene and props not being the same, this causes confusion to the audience. On (1:30) the characters food on the plate changes, and the drinks on the table change.
The 180 degree rule:
The purpose is to orientate the
viewer, to establish the placement of characters.
Breaking
the 180 rule will place the characters in a different place, it will look odd as they will either be facing the same way or their eye angle will not match.
Match on action:
-1 action with multiple actions.
-It has multiple cuts to show one continuous
action.
-Match
on action is part of invisible editing which creates flow when watching a
scene.
-The
cuts MATCH together so that the audience know it is one action.
Shot reverse shot:
-Goes from shot A to shot B, back to A and then back to B.
-It goes continuously back and fourth between the two shots to show that there dis a connection between them.
-It is mainly used in conversations so you see and understand what both characters are saying.
-It's a form of eye-line matching if the character is looking at someone and the next
shot is what they look at.
Shot A: when the character is looking of screen.
Shot B: what the character is looking at.
Cross cutting:
-Technique
of continuously alternating 2 or more scenes that often happen simultaneously
(at same time) but in different locations.
-As
they cross, pace gradually gets faster and fast and tension builds
-Often
the parallel scenes will intersect to create a climax.
Insert shot:
•In film,
an insert is
a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or
focal length from the master shot (original/establishing shot). Inserts
cover action already covered in the master shot, but emphasize a different
aspect of that action due to the different framing.
•An
insert differs from a cutaway as cutaways cover action not covered
in the master shot.
Examples:
–CLOSE-UP
of the gunfighter,
–INSERT
of his hand quivering above the holster,
–TWO
SHOT of his friends watching anxiously,
–INSERT
of the clock ticking.
Evaluation of my video.
For my video, I had to make it one minute long and include a variety of transitions and camera shots to make the video look more professional and emotive to the audience. For example, I included: close up, medium and over the shoulder shots
