Monday, 27 February 2017

Timed Analysis: Poltergeist (1982)



0:00-0:05: Introduction of the Producer and Production.

0:06-0:10: High angle-wide shot of the car driving along the road. There is also a use of panning to follow the car.

0:10-0:13: Static high angle-long shot of a row of houses with a man on a bike cycling past, connoting a relaxed atmosphere; everyday life for this specific town. The lighting is bright to connote a peaceful day.

0:15-0:17: Medium shot of a woman in a child's bedroom organising the toys, showing her nurturing side. This is a stereotypical role of a mother due to her having to stay at home to do the housework.

0:17-0:20: Two-person mid-shot of the parents in the bed having a conversation. The female is looking down on the male, connoting power.

0:20-0:23: Close-up over-the-shoulder-shot used of the parents having a conversation in the bedroom, the female and audience are looking down on the male character connoting vulnerability to the male.

0:23-0:25: Two-person mid-shot used of two children having breakfast at the dinner table. The camera is mainly focused on the teenage girl rather than the younger boy, therefore the audience can focus on her facial expressions and body language more. This also links to Mulvey's theory of the "Male Gaze", which is where women are mainly focused in the media for sexualisation. However this is portrayed within this shot as the teenage girl is not shown as a sexualised image, although she can still attract teenage boys.

0:25-0:27: Close-up on the younger boy, which emphasises his facial expressions which in this case are positive as he is smiling and laughing.

0:27-0:28: Close-up of a little girl throwing her cereal towards the younger boy, which connotes a stereotypical child's behaviour due to children sometimes disobeying the rules.- delinquent youths.

0:28-0:30: Close-up of a dog eating food out of one of the children's hand, which connotes the lack of training which the dog has, and also a lack of respect which the children have by giving food to the dog at the table.

0:30-0:32: Close-up shot of a young girl walking towards the camera, whilst the camera slowly looks up to form a low angle shot to connote vulnerability to the audience.

0:32-0:34: Medium shot of the little girl and a use of panning whilst following her towards the TV.

0:34-0:36: Static close-up of the mother and siblings walking down the stairs in fear.

0:37-0:38: Shot-reverse-shot back to the young girl walking towards the TV. This creates a eerie enigma due to this being unusual activity.

0:38-0:40: Extreme close-up shot of the young girl staring towards the camera with the flashing lights from the TV reflecting from her face. The lighting is dim, which signifies that something eerie is about to occur (Barthes Enigma Theory).

0:41-0:44: A close-up of the younger girl placing her hands onto the TV, signifying that something wrong is about to occur due to the eerie atmosphere being created by these usual events occurring.

0:44-0:49: Four-person mid-shot used of the mother talking to the children at the dinner table. Also, the lighting is bright which connotes that there is an ordinary, chilled atmosphere occurring.

0:55-1:04: Two-person mid-shot of the parents talking towards the camera (eye-line match of the other character about to be shown). Also, the male points his finger up at the female to connote power and stop her from talking. This links to a stereotypical relationship due to the female obeying the male's orders (patriarchy).

1:07-1:10: Three different shots are shown with flashing images, whilst characters are in panic. Two close-up shots and one medium shot are used in this order, which builds a tense atmosphere due to a series of paranormal events occurring.

1:13-1:17: A mid-shot is used when the door opens (showing a beaming light), whilst the camera spins and panels, then remains static at the young girl whom is in her bed staring at the door. Using Barthes Enigma Theory, the Proairetic Code being used. Also, the Semantic Code is used. This code refers to connotation within the story that gives additional meaning over the basic denotative meaning of the word.

1:25-1:26: An extreme close-up is used of a seismometer for paranormal activity. This detects waves of paranormal action. This causes fear to the audience due to the waves becoming larger and quicker the longer that it was shown. This links to Barthes Enigma Theory due to the Proairetic Code being used. This builds tension, referring to any other action or event that indicates something else is going to happen, and which hence gets the audience guessing as to what will happen next.

1:27-1:37: Flashing lights are used in a dark room, which connotes the paranormal activity occurring. This is a convention of a horror movie due to the use of paranormal activity, and  the flashing lights and use of screaming. This links to Barthes Enigma Theory due to the Proairetic Code being used. The Proairetic Code also builds tension, referring to any other action or event that indicates something else is going to happen, and which hence gets the audience guessing as to what will happen next.

1:51-1:53: Wide mid-shot of the cupboard with the gleaming light coming out of it dragging props such as the toys into it. This is a convention of a horror movie due to the use of children's toys such as dolls and the use of usual activity within a household.

2:09-2:14: Name of the film shown.

2:15-2:24: Credits.



Evaluation
From the film trailer of Poltergeist (1982), it has given me ideas of what to include in my own film such as the dim lighting as that is a key convention of the horror genre (mise-en-scene). Also, the use to close-up's and extreme close-up's on objects and characters to create a tense atmosphere, which will make my target audience want to watch more. This links to Barthe's Enigma Theory due to the action code and symbolic code being used. The proairetic code (action code) builds tension, indicating that something else is going to happen. This code works with the hermeneutic to develop the story's tensions and keep the watcher interested. The symbolic code refers to connotation within the story that gives additional meaning over the basic denotative meaning of the word.
However, my film is very different to Poltergeist (1982) due to my opening including deaths and a walk around the house showing different horrific images, whilst Poltergeist focusses on the main character (the little girl) and tells majority of the story plot, whilst mine leaves the audience to wonder what's going on ad therefore want to watch it.

The mise-en-scene used in Poltergeist (1982) are the costumes for the characters which are casual wear (which I will also include in my film opening); the use of props such as normal house equipment such as drinking cups, sofa, table and chairs etc. This will be included in my film trailer as my film is based on a sleepover, which is based at a normal house. Also, dim lighting is included which is the proairetic code as it makes the audience watching wonder what may occur next, which is a key convention within the horror/thriller genre films to create and build a tense atmosphere.

In addition, the editing used are many fast cuts, which builds tension in the scene and creates a tense eerie atmosphere for the audience watching. Also, flashing lights were used which shows the characters fear and confuses the audience of what's going on, as well as them feeling like they're involved in the scene. Many zooms were used too which may emphasise the panic in each characters faces as well as showing scary toys which come to life. I will be using zooms in my own film opening only on the victims and murderer's bodies as I want the target audience to guess who these characters are.

Furthermore, the cinematography used are close-up's of the characters faces to emphasise their emotions and therefore the audience can sympathise with them. I will be using close-up hsots for mainly showing the teenage victims faces when they die to frighten the audience watching. Also, medium shots of characters to emphasise their body expressions as well as their facial figures to help the audience understand more of what is going on and the emotions which the character is showing. I will use this in my film opening by showing the murderer walking through the house but facing the back of him to not show his face and therefore keep the audience guessing of who the murderer is. 





Monday, 20 February 2017

Target Audience


Shaun Of The Dead


The target audience that this film is aimed at is a young adult audience of ages from 15-19 and stereotypically male. This is because it's quite a modern film and it's a spoof, which many male teenagers prefer due to the specific type of humour. Whereas the elderly will not watch this due to the graphical imagery and the humour may not come across as funny as it would be for a teenager as it is modern humour. Also, many elderly people are more into documentaries or historic genres rather than horror. However, there is an increase in the number of teenagers whom are watching the horror genre as it's becoming more popular within the film industry.


            (1) Income bracket/status: Bollywood- Low budget
            (2) Age: Middle age (25-45)
            (3) Gender: Both (mainly women due to it being a romance)
            (4) Race: Asian (Indian)
            (5)  Location of the film opposite: India
From the image on the left, it shows that it's a Bollywood genre film due to it being mainly targeted at an Indian audience due to the bright colours used, such as yellow and orange which are stereotypical colours for Indian clothing and films. The class represented is a middle to upper class due to the smart costumes worn such as jewellery and the crystal white suit. 



Demographics
A method of categorising known as demographics is used . The demographic data is used to shape the text to appeal to a group with known reading/viewing/listening habits.

One common way of describing audiences is to use a letter code to show their income bracket:

As I'm a student, I am currently at point E. In my opinion, I feel victimised due to this being another form of hierarchy, and I'm not being seen as not as important as others in society due to me not having a working status yet as I'm still in education. 
With the film Shaun of the Dead, the rank that it will be aimed at is D to E. This is because the characters are shown as working class people and with their costumes, they are not dressed smart and they're wearing casual wear. Also, the location of the film is at a council estate in London, which many of this audience come from.

Cross-Cultural Consumer Characterisation model
-A more useful audience segmentation model than the traditional ABC1 categorization.
-It acknowledges the global nature of media audiences.
-Divides audiences into 7 types of consumer.

The 4 main categories are (MARS):
MAINSTREAMERS, ASPIRERS, REFORMERS, SUCCEEDERS.

-The other categories to be added to this are (ERS) EXPLORER RESIGNED  STRUGGLER.
-It takes the following as consumer motivations: SECURITY, CONTROL, STATUS, INDIVIDUALITY, FREEDOM, SURVIVAL and ESCAPE.
Clear links with Maslow

Gears- Identifying the audience. For example gender; ethnicity; age; region/nationality; socio-economic group.
4C- MAINSTREAMERS, ASPIRERS, REFORMERS, SUCCEEDERS.





Firstly, I researched Thir13en Ghost due to it being a horror/ thriller genre, which is the same as my film genre therefore I took ideas from the film trailer to include in my own opening. For example, the mise-enscene use of a knife and blood, which links to Barthes Enigma Theory due to using the symbolic code, which gives clues to the audience of what may happen next and therefore they would want to watch more as these clues are drawing in their attention.
However in my film opening, I will not show the murderers face due to using silhouettes of them and close-up's of the dead victims, which is a use of the Hermeneutic Code which refers to any element of the story that is not fully explained and hence becomes a mystery to the watcher. The purpose of this is typically to keep the audience guessing, arresting the enigma, until the final scenes when all is revealed and all loose ends are tied off and closure is achieved.
Furthermore, the mise-en-scene also includes dim lighting and facial disfigurement of the antagonists, which I may include in my film opening  due to this also being a noter convention of the horror genre as it frightens the audience and builds tension.

Monday, 6 February 2017

Film ideas- Poltergeist (1982)

Film ideas- Ouija


Firstly, for my primary research, I have chosen my first film for research to be Ouija- Origin of Evil due to it being a horror genre, which links to my film as it is also a horror genre and can help me gain ideas of what to include in my own film. By watching the trailer, it has given me ideas of how to produce my own film by the use of cinematography. For example in my film, I will be mainly using close ups, which emphasises the characters facial expressions to connote their emotions, which also makes the audience emphasise with them; and I will include many two-person mid-shots to show characters commentating, whilst using the 180 degree angle. Also, dutch angles will be used to connote confusion of the character.

Furthermore, the mise-en-scene that I will include is the location of a house and the use of dim lighting to create an eerie atmosphere, and make intense for the audience whilst watching. This is a stereotypical aspect of the horror genre, which will make my own film more successful as the audience are able to acknowledge the genre of the film. Also, the costumes which are going to be worn by the characters are casual clothing (such as plain trousers and tops) to make it look like it's based in modern times. The props which will be included in my film are a knife (fake to prevent harm); normal items within a living room such as a TV; glass cups etc.

In addition, the editing which I will include in my film will be fast cuts (which is also used is Ouija) to show the scene at a faster paste and connote terror of the characters, which can then cause panic within the audience. Also, I will include shot-reverse-shot to show the characters communicating and also to show the characters panicking whilst also showing what is coming towards them.

In contrast, the sounds which I will include in my film will be the diegetic sounds of screaming (also used is Ouija) and the dietetic sounds of the characters speech. The actors will be English and will be speaking like they're from the South due to the use of slang. There will be a use of non-diegetic sounds of eerie, screeching music to convey the horror genre and also slow, heavy music to create a tense atmosphere.

Finally, the critical feedback given from the target audience identifies that this film is part of a sequel due to there being other films named Ouija which have had a similar storyline and therefore receiving many positive feedback from the audience due to linking each film together and engaging them to watch more. Also, this then helps the film be financially successful from the film opening due to it selling at a large scale audience nationally due to it being produced by a famous company Blumhouse Productions, which is a horror genre film company who has also produced films such as Insidious and Sinister. Furthermore, as the film is part of a sequel, the target audience is easier to sell the film to due to them knowing what they're going to see as well as telling more of a story to the film, which engages the audience to watch more.



Risk Assessment- Film Opening



RISK ASSESSMENT FORM




 


                                  
Shoot date

Production Title:  The sleepover


Page      1      of     2











 

Producers: Tim, Ryan and Rebecca.


 




                                                        
Location: Tim’s House




Address:



300 Fold Croft
Harlow, Essex
CM20 1TJ

RATINGS:
·       each risks severity on scale from Negligable (N), Low risk (L), Moderate risk (M), Severe (S), Very severe (V)
·       each risks likelihood on scale from Very unlikely (VU), Unlikely (U), Possible (P), Likely (L), Very likely (VL)
·       risk factor from the table overleaf.

Hazard

Present?

Severity
Likelihood
Risk Factor
1
Alcohol/drugs
no
N
VU
0
2
Animals/insects
yes
L
VU
1
3
Audiences
no
N
VU
0
4
Camera cable/grip equipment
yes
M
P
3
5
Confined spaces
yes
L
U
2
6
Derelict buildings/dangerous structures
no
N
VU
0
7
Electricity/gas (other than normal supplies)
no
N
VU
0
8
Fatigue/long hours
no
N
VU
0
9
Fire/flammable materials
yes
L
U
2
10
Hazardous substances
no
N
VU
0
11
Heat/Cold/extreme weather
no
N
VU
0
12
Laser/strobe effects
no
N
VU
0
13
Machinery/industrial/ crane/hoist
no
N
VU
0
14
Materials - glass, non-fire retardant set materials
yes
L
P
3
15
Night operation
yes
M
P
3
16
Noise – high sound levels
yes
L
U
1
17
Non standard manual handling
no
N
VU
0
18
Public/crowds
no
N
VU
0
19
Radiation
no
N
VU
0
20
Scaffold/Rostra
no
N
VU
0
21
Smoking on set
no
N
VU
0
22
Special effects/explosives
no
N
VU
0
23
Special needs (elderly, disabled, inexperienced)
no
N
VU
0
24
Specialised rescue/first aid
no
N
VU
0
25
Stunts, dangerous activities
no
N
VU
0
26
Tall scenery/suspended ceilings
no
N
VU
0
27
Vehicles/speed
no
N
VU
0
28
Water/proximity to water
no
N
VU
0
29
Weapons
yes
M
P
2
30
Working at heights
no
N
VU
0
31
Working overseas
no
N
VU
0
32
Other risks
Stairs
M
P
3

Calculate the Risk Factor:

Very Unlikely

Unlikely
Possible
Likely
Very Likely
Very severe
3
4
4
5
5
Severe
2
3
3
3
5
Moderate
2
2
3
3
3
Low
1
2
2
3
3
Negligible
1
1
2
2
3

Decide the action to take:
5
Very severe
Take immediate action
4
Severe
High priority
3
Moderate Risk
Programme for action
2
Low Risk
Action may be required
1
Negligible
Probably acceptable

Then list each risk identified

Hazard no: 2

Risk Factor (1-5): 1

Description
Pet cat
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Cast and crew can be exposed and can be scratched or tripped over by the cat. (C)
Action to take
Make sure the cat is out of site.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 4

Risk Factor (1-5): 3

Description
Camera cable/grip equipment.
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P))
Cast and crew exposed to any cables on the floor as they may trip over.
The equipment can be knocked over.
Action to take
Make the cast aware to stay away from the cables and if passing, to mind their step.
Make sure the equipment is in a safe place where it’s not going to be knocked over.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 5

Risk Factor (1-5): 2

Description
Confined spaces- Living room in a house
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Cast and crew can be cramped into one space and damage equipment.
Action to take
Only let a certain amount of people in the room at a time.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions

To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 9

Risk Factor (1-5): 2

Description
Fire/flammable materials- candles
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
The cast can knock over the candle and may catch something on fire.
The cast themselves can burn themselves.
Action to take
Advise cast to stay away from the candles.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions

To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 14

Risk Factor (1-5): 3

Description
Materials - glass, non-fire retardant set materials

Glass windows, glass cups, ornaments.
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Glass can be displaced and smashed, which can expose the crew and cast by them being cut, therefore first aid is needed.
Action to take
Make sure there is a first aid kit and warn the crew and cast and make them aware of how to use these props.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 15

Risk Factor (1-5): 3

Description
Night operation- working in the dark, use of lights out.
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Tripping over equipment due to the lack of light can expose crew and cast.

Action to take
Make sure that the floor is clear and that the surroundings are safe.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 16

Risk Factor (1-5): 1

Description
Noise – high sound levels e.g. screaming or loud noises on the TV.
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Cast may be expose to the noise and may get a headache or loose a little hearing for a while, which restricts what they can do next due to them not being able to hear the other characters talking. It can also disturb the filming process by not hearing the characters speak.
Action to take
Make sure that the noise level isn’t too high and inform both the cast and crew when the noises are going to be used. In some cases, switch noisy devices off to prevent distraction whilst within the filming process.

Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 29

Risk Factor (1-5): 2

Description
Weapons- knife (fake), equipment thrown.
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Any equipment thrown can injure the cast.
Action to take
Make sure there is a first aid kit and inform the cast about the equipment and how to use it appropriately.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
y


Hazard no: 32

Risk Factor (1-5):
3
Description
Other risks- stairs
Person(s) exposed (detail if cast/crew (C), outside company (O) or public (P) )
Tripping over the steps or cables whilst filming and acting may expose cast and crew by injuring them and therefore no longer to continue with the process of filming.
Action to take
Make sure the stairs are clear and give space to each person.
Warn the members about how to use the stairs safely.
Person/company responsible for action
Mavis Productions
To be completed at agreed later date
Exposed person(s) informed? (y/n)
y
Agreed action taken? (y/n)
y
Risk removed? (y/n)
n


Completed by: Rebecca Harris                                               
Position: Risk assessment, sample script, storyboard (write), talent release.
Date:  16/01/17


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